"Nail issues can increase with warm weather"

     As the weather warms up and we become more active, our feet often see an increase in use.  This increased activity can bring  about nail problems that may result in an ingrown nail.  This nail condition can range from a simple sharp edge that irritates the skin to a large piece of the nail imbedded deeply in the skin.  A mild irritation may develop or it may progress to a serious infection that could ultimately result in a toe amputation. 
     Underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and poor circulation make nail problems much more serious.  Age can also play a role in healing nail concerns.
     The anatomy of the  human nail is relatively simple.  The nail is referred to as the nail plate.  It grows outward toward the end of the toe from the nail root, also called the matrix.  The shape of the matrix determines the shape and thickness of the nail plate.  The matrix is often damaged when the nail is injured by heavy objects landing on the toe or the stubbing of the toe.
     Fungal infections are another common cause of injury to the matrix.  The white crescent shape seen at the base of the nail is the matrix and often is referred to as  the lunula.
     Sports activities such as running, soccer, basketball, and skiing can cause repeat minor trauma to a nail that over time can result in damage to the matrix.  The cuticle is the thin strip of skin that seals the skin of the digit to the nail.  Its job is to keep this junction tight so bacteria cannot enter.  Care should be taken to not disrupt this thin protection.
     There are a number of situations that can lead to nails becoming ingrown. We will look at some of the more common reasons an ingrown nail may develop.  Genetics can contribute to underlying bone structure of the toe and therefore the shape of the matrix and ultimately the nail.  Some people tend to have nails that curve in at the edges: this may make them more prone to an ingrown nail.
     Often people with nail edges that curve in suffer with repeat ingrown nails. These repeat infections can lead to deeper more serious bone infections if it is not properly cared for.  Damage to the nail and the matrix may result in a deformed nail plate that digs into the skin edges as it grows forward.  
     Athletics is a common cause of ingrown nails, especial if the nails are not trimmed properly and frequently.  Even small injuries such as toes bumping against shoes or boots while running can lead to nail matrix injury and a permanent nail deformity.  
     Be sure shoe gear fits perfectly to help reduce this problem.  Shoes that are too large are responsible for many nail injuries as they allow the foot to move excessively in the shoe.
     I am sure everyone is familiar with the consequences of dropping a heavy object on a toenail.  Not only is it extremely painful, but permanent nail deformity is common.
     Treating an ingrown nail consists of a number of different options.  Simply trimming away the sharp point that is causing the irritation may work in some cases.  Be sure not to leave a portion of the nail imbedded in the skin.  This is a common problem as it can be extremely painful to get all of the offending piece out.  You may need to have a physician remove the nail side that is ingrown.  This can be done in a temporary fashion, allowing it to grow back over several months.
     A permanent removal of the edge may be needed if the problem returns.  The entire nail can be removed permanently or temporarily if the whole nail is causing a problem.  This is often the case if the matrix has been damaged by a heavy object of a harsh toe stubbing.  Antibiotics may be needed if an infection is present. 
     See your foot specialist if an ingrown nail is not improving in a few days.  If you are diabetic, you should seek care at the first sign of nail problems.